This classification is not a treatment recommendation or a guarantee of effect. Evidence evaluation method And research resources You can start by examining it.

Memory, attention and learning

Measured results in cognitive tasks; Read on, taking into account the differences between healthy adults, the elderly and clinical groups. A change in one test does not mean the same magnitude of impact on daily life.

Reading way

  1. Neuroplasticity: How Does the Brain Rewire Itself?
  2. Getting Started with Nootropics: The Essential Guide for Beginners

Related substance profiles

  • Bacopa Monnieri — This Ayurvedic herb, also known as Brahmi, enhances memory and learning through its bacosides.
  • Alpha-GPC — This compound, a precursor to acetylcholine, increases cognitive speed, focus and neuromuscular performance.
  • Ginkgo Biloba — EGb 761 standardized extract supports memory and concentration by increasing cerebral blood flow.
  • CDP-Choline — Citicoline. It supports the synthesis of acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine and increases dopamine receptor density.
  • Piracetam — First synthetic nootropic (1964). It increases memory consolidation and acetylcholine utilization by positively allosterically modulating AMPA receptors.
  • noopept — Dipeptide nootropic that is 1000 times more potent than Piracetam. It increases NGF and BDNF expression and modulates glutamate receptors.
  • creatine — Creatine monohydrate. It accelerates ATP regeneration in brain cells and strengthens short-term memory and reasoning. It shows significant effects, especially in vegetarians and under stress.
  • Acetyl-L-Carnitine — ALCAR. Amino acid derivative that supports mitochondrial function, provides acetylcholine precursor and has a neuroprotective effect against age-related cognitive decline.
  • Huperzine A — Potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor obtained from the Huperzia serrata plant. It supports memory and learning by increasing synaptic acetylcholine levels.
  • vinpocetine — Cerebral blood flow enhancer derived from the Vinca minor plant. It improves brain oxygenation and cognitive clarity through PDE1 inhibition and vasodilation.
  • aniracetam — Fat-soluble anxiolytic derivative of Piracetam. AMPA increases focus and creativity by affecting dopamine and serotonin systems as well as receptor modulation.
  • DMAE — Dimethylaminoethanol. As a precursor to acetylcholine, it supports cognitive clarity and focus; It is used in both supplement and cosmetic fields.
  • Oxiracetam — Racetam, the hydroxyl derivative of piracetam. A mildly stimulating cognitive enhancer focused on logical-analytical thinking and speed; It modulates AMPA and NMDA receptors.
  • Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) — Tropical plant with thousands of years of tradition in Ayurveda and Chinese medicine. Thanks to its triterpenoids (asiaticoside, madecassoside), it supports neuroplasticity, microcirculation and stress resistance.
  • pramiracetam — One of the most powerful members of the Rasetam family; It stands out with its fat-soluble structure and mechanism of increasing high-affinity choline uptake (HACU). Its significant effects on memory consolidation and focus capacity have been shown in clinical studies.
  • L-Tyrosine — Precursor amino acid for dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It supports cognitive performance and focus under stress.
  • Berberine — Alkaloid obtained from plants such as blackroot and St. John's wort. It supports cognitive health and metabolic function through AMPK activation, neuroinflammation reduction and BDNF increase.

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Energy, fatigue and performance

Alertness, physical performance and mental fatigue are different results. Consider the conditions and participant group in the study, together with the profile of the compound used.

Reading way

  1. Mitochondria and Brain Energy: The Origin of Cognitive Fatigue
  2. Athlete Brain Performance: Aiming for Physical and Mental Peak Together

Related substance profiles

  • rhodiola rosea — This Siberian plant, containing salidroside and rosavin, has a strong adaptogenic effect against mental fatigue.
  • N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine — Precursor of dopamine and noradrenaline. Protects cognitive performance under stress and sleep deprivation.
  • Panax Ginseng — Korean ginseng. It reduces mental fatigue and supports working memory through its ginsenosides.
  • Phenylpiracetam — Phenyl derivative of Piracetam; It was developed by the Russian academy of sciences in 1983. In addition to its classic racetam effects, it exhibits strong psychostimulant and physical performance enhancing properties.
  • Sulbutiamine — Lipophilic thiamine (B1) derivative. It relieves brain fatigue caused by thiamine deficiency and strengthens the dopaminergic and cholinergic system.
  • cordyceps — Cordyceps militaris/sinensis. Adaptogenic medicinal mushroom that increases ATP production and improves oxygen use efficiency.
  • shilajit — Mineral resin obtained from the Himalayan mountains. It supports mitochondrial function through fulvic acid and 80+ minerals, and increases testosterone and CoQ10 bioavailability.
  • Coenzyme Q10 — Essential component of the mitochondria electron transport chain; It supports ATP production and is a strong lipophilic antioxidant. It decreases with age and statin use.
  • modafinil — A powerful alertness enhancer that works through the orexin and dopamine systems. It provides high cognitive performance even under sleep deprivation conditions.
  • Tongkat Ali — Traditional adaptogen of Southeast Asia. It increases energy, motivation and cognitive performance through cortisol reduction and testosterone support.

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Sleep and rest

Falling asleep, total sleep time, and next-day functionality are not the same measurement. Read our articles about sleep together with the safety and interaction sections in the substance profiles.

Reading way

  1. Best Nootropics to Improve Sleep Quality
  2. Caffeine and L-Theanine: The Most Proven Nootropic Duo

Related substance profiles

  • Mg L-Threonate — The only form of magnesium that crosses the brain-blood barrier. It increases synaptic density through NMDA receptor modulation.
  • melatonin — Circadian rhythm hormone. It shortens the time to fall asleep and is used for jet-lag and sleep patterns.
  • Apigenin — A natural flavonoid obtained from chamomile, parsley and celery. It has an anxiolytic and sedative effect through weak/partial modulation of GABA-A receptors; It makes it easier to fall asleep.
  • phenibut — A Russian synthesis nootropic that works as a GABA-B receptor agonist. Quickly reduces anxiety, facilitates sleep; but the potential for addiction is high.
  • Valerian (Valerian) — Sedative plant used since ancient times. It accelerates sleep onset and improves sleep quality through GABA-A modulation and adenosine antagonism.

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Mood, stress and motivation

Stress scales, subjective well-being, and clinical diagnoses should be distinguished. This topic group is for research reading; It does not offer diagnosis or treatment selection.

Reading way

  1. Chronic Stress and the Brain: The Effect of Cortisol on Cognitive Performance
  2. Motivation with the Dopamine System and Nootropics
  3. Natural Supplements for Depression and Anxiety: An Evidence-Based Guide

Related substance profiles

  • ashwagandha — Withania somnifera It reduces stress and anxiety with its cortisol regulating effect and contributes to testosterone and GH production.
  • L-Theanine — Amino acid of green tea. It provides calm focus by increasing alpha brain waves; It shows strong synergy with caffeine.
  • Phosphatidylserine — Cell membrane phospholipid. It regulates cortisol and provides support against age-related memory decline.
  • 5-HTP — Serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan. It contributes to mood, sleep and appetite regulation.
  • Mucuna Pruriens — Swordfish plant. As a natural L-DOPA precursor, it increases dopamine synthesis; It is supported by clinical research on mood, motivation and Parkinson's symptoms.
  • Saffron Extract — Saffron obtained from Crocus sativus stigmas. Clinical studies have shown that a dose of 30 mg/day has efficacy comparable to antidepressant drugs in mild-to-moderate depression.
  • St. John's wort — Medicinal plant used for thousands of years. It is a natural antidepressive with clinically proven effectiveness in mild to moderate depression and seasonal affective disorder.
  • taurine — Amino sulphonic acid found in high concentration in the brain. Provides calming cognitive support through GABAergic modulation, neuroprotection, and oxidative stress reduction.
  • Melisa (Lemon Balm) — Mediterranean plant from the mint family. It reduces anxiety, relieves stress and supports cognitive performance through a calming mechanism through GABA-T inhibition.
  • Vitamin D3 — Neurosteroid-like vitamin synthesized by sunlight. It regulates brain neurotransmitter synthesis, reduces neuroinflammation and plays a decisive role in mood.

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Neuroplasticity and brain health

Mechanistic findings from cell and animal studies do not imply clinical benefit in humans. Study design and the limits of the evidence are particularly important in this topic.

Reading way

  1. Neuroplasticity: How Does the Brain Rewire Itself?
  2. Anti-Aging Brain: Anti-aging Nootropic Protocol
  3. Gut-Brain Axis and Cognitive Performance

Related substance profiles

  • Lion's Mane — Hericium erinaceus A powerful medicinal mushroom that increases NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) production and supports neuroplasticity.
  • Omega-3 DHA/EPA — Omega-3 fatty acids including DHA and EPA. The basic building block of brain cell membranes; It reduces neuroinflammation, supports neuroplasticity and has proven effects against depression.
  • Uridine Monophosphate — Nucleotide that supports brain cell membrane structure and synaptic plasticity. It facilitates memory formation by showing strong synergy with choline and omega-3.
  • curcumin — Active polyphenol of turmeric. It reduces neuroinflammation and increases BDNF levels. The bioavailability problem is overcome with piperine or liposomal forms.
  • NMN — Nicotinamide mononucleotide. Anti-aging molecule that replenishes NAD+ levels that decrease with age and supports mitochondrial function and neuronal energy metabolism.
  • resveratrol — A powerful polyphenol derived from grape skins and red wine. It supports brain health and longevity with SIRT1 activation and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine) — A powerful antioxidant that is the essential precursor of glutathione. It reduces oxidative stress, suppresses neuroinflammation and protects the dopaminergic system.
  • PQQ (Pyrrolo Quinoline Quinone) — A rare cofactor that stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. It protects brain cells from energy damage by increasing the production of new mitochondria and supports BDNF synthesis.

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