Literature search with direct publication link is tagged separately. A PMID or DOI will not be fitted for the 114 records awaiting a match. Verification of the source link does not constitute verification of the clinical interpretation. Details of the method.

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    Contents using this resource: resveratrol

  2. Bhatt, M. et al. (1999). Piracetam in myoclonus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Piracetam

  3. Deijen JB, Orlebeke JF. (1994). Effect of tyrosine on cognitive function and blood pressure under stress. Brain Research Bulletin, 33(3), 319–323. PubMed · PMID 8293316
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    Contents using this resource: L-Tyrosine Athlete Brain Performance: Aiming for Physical and Mental Peak Together

  4. Waegemans, T. et al. (2002). Clinical efficacy of piracetam in cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 13(4), 217–224. PubMed · PMID 12006732
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  5. Llewellyn DJ, et al. (2010). Vitamin D and risk of cognitive decline in elderly persons. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(13), 1135–1141. PubMed · PMID 20625021
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  6. Bhagavan, H.N., Chopra, R.K. (2006). Coenzyme Q10: absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Free Radical Research, 40(5), 445–453. PubMed · PMID 16551570
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  7. Eyles DW, et al. (2013). Vitamin D effects on brain development, adult brain function and the links between low levels of vitamin D and neuropsychiatric disease. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 34(1), 47–64. PubMed · PMID 22796576
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    Contents using this resource: Alpha-GPC

  9. Giesbrecht, T. et al. (2010). The combination of L-Theanine and caffeine improves cognitive performance and increases subjective alertness. Nutritional Neuroscience, 13(6), 283–290. PubMed · PMID 21040626
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    Contents using this resource: Caffeine and L-Theanine: The Most Proven Nootropic Duo

  10. Geng J, et al. (2010). Ginseng for cognition. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12), CD007769. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Panax Ginseng

  11. Hausenblas HA, et al. (2013). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 11(6), 377–383. PubMed · PMID 24299602
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    Contents using this resource: Saffron Extract

  12. Linde K, et al. (2008). St John's wort for major depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  13. Birdsall TC. (1998). 5-Hydroxytryptophan: a clinically-effective serotonin precursor. Alternative Medicine Review, 3(4), 271–280. PubMed · PMID 9727088

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  14. Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. (2012). A prospective, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255–262. PubMed · PMID 23439798
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  15. Ferracioli-Oda E, Qawasmi A, Bloch MH. (2013). Meta-analysis: melatonin for the treatment of primary sleep disorders. PLOS ONE, 8(5), e63773. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  16. Brondino N, et al. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of Ginkgo biloba in neuropsychiatric disorders: from ancient tradition to modern-day medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 915691. PubMed · PMID 23781271
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    Contents using this resource: Ginkgo Biloba

  17. Boyle NB, et al. (2017). The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress. Nutrients, 9(5), 429. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Natural Supplements for Depression and Anxiety: An Evidence-Based Guide

  18. Stough C, et al. (2001). The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology, 156(4), 481–484. PubMed · PMID 11498727
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    Contents using this resource: Bacopa Monnieri

  19. McEwen BS, Milner TA. (2007). Hippocampal formation: shedding light on the influence of sex and stress on the brain. Brain Research Reviews, 55(2), 343–355. PubMed · PMID 17395265
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    Contents using this resource: Nootropics for Women: Hormonal Cycle and Cognitive Performance

  20. Stites T, et al. (2006). Pyrroloquinoline quinone modulates mitochondrial quantity and function in mice. Journal of Nutrition, 136(2), 390–396. PubMed · PMID 16424117
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    Contents using this resource: PQQ (Pyrrolo Quinoline Quinone)

  21. Volkow ND, et al. (2009). Effects of modafinil on dopamine and dopamine transporters in the male human brain. JAMA, 301(11), 1148–1154. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  22. El Idrissi A, Trenkner E. (2004). Taurine as a modulator of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Neurochemical Research, 29(1), 189–197. PubMed · PMID 14992278
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    Contents using this resource: taurine

  23. Calabrese C, et al. (2008). Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 14(6), 707–713. PubMed · PMID 18611150
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    Contents using this resource: Bacopa Monnieri

  24. Noorbala AA, Akhondzadeh S, et al. (2005). Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 97(2), 281–284. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Saffron Extract

  25. Grant JE, et al. (2009). N-acetyl cysteine, a glutamate-modulating agent, in the treatment of trichotillomania. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(7), 756–763. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)

  26. Gohil, K.J., Patel, J.A., Gajjar, A.K. (2010). Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: A potential herbal cure-all. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(5), 546–556. PubMed · PMID 21694984
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    Contents using this resource: Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola)

  27. Misra HS, et al. (2012). Pyrroloquinoline-quinone and its versatile roles in biological processes. Journal of Biosciences, 37(2), 313–325. PubMed · PMID 22581337
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    Contents using this resource: PQQ (Pyrrolo Quinoline Quinone)

  28. Le Bars PL, et al. (1997). A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. JAMA, 278(16), 1327–1332. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  29. Darbinyan V, et al. (2000). Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue - a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. Phytomedicine, 7(5), 365–371. PubMed · PMID 11081987
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  30. Parnetti L, et al. (2007). Cholinergic precursors in the treatment of cognitive impairment of vascular origin: ineffective approaches or need for re-evaluation? Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 257(1-2), 264–269. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  31. Ames BN, et al. (2002). Delaying the mitochondrial decay of aging with acetylcarnitine. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 959, 128–132. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Acetyl-L-Carnitine

  32. Awad R, et al. (2007). Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Melisa (Lemon Balm)

  33. Slutsky I, et al. (2010). Enhancement of learning and memory by elevating brain magnesium. Neuron, 65(2), 165–177. PubMed · PMID 20152124
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    Contents using this resource: Mg L-Threonate Neuroplasticity: How Does the Brain Rewire Itself? Getting Started with Nootropics: The Essential Guide for Beginners Brain-Critical Vitamins and Minerals: The Cognitive Cost of Deficiency

  34. Lyon MR, et al. (2011). The effects of L-Theanine (Suntheanine) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Alternative Medicine Review, 16(4), 348–354. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: L-Theanine

  35. Alvarez-Sabín J, Román GC. (2013). The role of citicoline in neuroprotection and neurorepair in ischemic stroke. Brain Sciences, 3(3), 1395–1414. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: CDP-Choline

  36. Beal MF. (2004). Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 36(4), 381–386. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Mitochondria and Brain Energy: The Origin of Cognitive Fatigue

  37. Giurgea, C. (1972). Pharmacology of integrative activity of the brain. Actualités pharmacologiques, 25, 115–156. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Piracetam

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    Contents using this resource: Nootropic Stacks: 5 Proven Combinations

  40. Sapolsky RM. (1996). Why stress is bad for your brain. Science, 273(5276), 749–750. PubMed · PMID 8701325
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    Contents using this resource: Chronic Stress and the Brain: The Effect of Cortisol on Cognitive Performance

  41. Kongkeaw C, et al. (2014). Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 528–535. PubMed · PMID 24252493
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    Contents using this resource: Getting Started with Nootropics: The Essential Guide for Beginners

  42. Roodenrys S, et al. (2002). Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(2), 279–281. PubMed · PMID 12093601
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    Contents using this resource: Bacopa Monnieri

  43. Müller, W.E. et al. (1997). Effects of piracetam on membrane fluidity in the aged mouse, rat, and human brain. Biochemical Pharmacology, 53(2), 135–140. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  44. Yoshino M, et al. (2021). Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science, 372(6547), 1224–1229. PubMed · PMID 33888596
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    Contents using this resource: NMN

  45. Lu B, Nagappan G, Lu Y. (2014). BDNF and synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and dysfunction. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, 220, 223–250. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Neuroplasticity: How Does the Brain Rewire Itself?

  46. Hausenblas HA, et al. (2013). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 11(6), 377–383. PubMed · PMID 24299602
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    Contents using this resource: Natural Supplements for Depression and Anxiety: An Evidence-Based Guide

  47. Mori K, et al. (2009). Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research, 23(3), 367–372. PubMed · PMID 18844328
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    Contents using this resource: Lion's Mane

  48. Salehi, B. et al. (2019). The therapeutic potential of apigenin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(6), 1305. (Genel derlemedir; spesifik mekanizma iddiaları için orijinal çalışmalar incelenmelidir.) Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Apigenin

  49. Owen GN, et al. (2008). The combined effects of L-Theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood. Nutritional Neuroscience, 11(4), 193–198. PubMed · PMID 18681988
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    Contents using this resource: L-Theanine Nootropic Stacks: 5 Proven Combinations

  50. Kato-Kataoka A, et al. (2010). Soybean-derived phosphatidylserine improves memory function of the elderly Japanese subjects with memory complaints. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 47(3), 246–255. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Phosphatidylserine

  51. Jongkees BJ, et al. (2015). Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands-A review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 70, 50–57. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine

  52. Morgan, R.E. (2013). Nootropics and cognitive enhancement: a review of dosing, cycling and tolerance mechanisms. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 27(6), 555–563. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Nootropic Cycling: How to Avoid Tolerance?

  53. Reay JL, Kennedy DO, Scholey AB. (2005). Single doses of Panax ginseng (G115) reduce blood glucose levels and improve cognitive performance during sustained mental activity. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 19(4), 357–365. PubMed · PMID 15982990
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    Contents using this resource: Panax Ginseng

  54. Jongkees BJ, et al. (2015). Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress and cognitive demands. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 70, 50–57. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  55. Talbott SM, et al. (2013). Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately stressed subjects. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 10, 28. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  56. Malykh AG & Sadaie MR (2010). Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to CNS disorders. Drugs, 70(3), 287–312. PubMed · PMID 20166767
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  58. Zhang C, et al. (2022). A Magtein®, Magnesium L-Threonate, -Based Formula Improves Brain Cognitive Functions in Healthy Chinese Adults. Nutrients, 14(24), 5235. PubMed · PMID 36558392
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  59. Bizot JC, et al. (2005). Methylphenidate reduces some forms of impulsivity in rats and improves performance in a five-choice serial reaction time task. Psychopharmacology, 176(3–4), 376–385. [Sulbutiamin karşılaştırmalı referans] Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  60. Zhu X, et al. (2014). Neuroprotective effect of berberine against hippocampus neuronal apoptosis in rat model. Phytomedicine. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  61. Storch, A. et al. (2007). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on symptomatic effects of coenzyme Q(10) in Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology, 64(7), 938–944. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  63. Samokhvalov AV, et al. (2013). Phenibut dependence. BMJ Case Reports. PubMed · PMID 23391959
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  64. Calder PC (2016). Docosahexaenoic acid. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 69(Suppl 1), 7–21. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  65. Kongkeaw C, et al. (2014). Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151(1), 528–535. PubMed · PMID 24252493
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    Contents using this resource: Bacopa Monnieri

  66. Dean O, et al. (2011). N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 36(2), 78–86. PubMed · PMID 21118657
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  67. Cox KHM, et al. (2015). Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(5), 642–651. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  68. Nakano M, et al. (2012). Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on mental status of middle-aged and elderly persons. Food Style 21, 16(7), 281–287. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  69. Spagnoli A, et al. (1991). Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 41(11), 1726–1732. PubMed · PMID 1944900
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  70. Mori K, et al. (2009). Improving effects of Hericium erinaceus on mild cognitive impairment. Phytotherapy Research, 23(3), 367–372. Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Neuroplasticity: How Does the Brain Rewire Itself? Getting Started with Nootropics: The Essential Guide for Beginners

  71. Weinmann S, et al. (2010). Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia. BMC Geriatrics, 10, 14. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  72. Zhang H, et al. (2010). Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression. Metabolism, 59(2), 285–292. PubMed · PMID 19800084
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  73. Katzenschlager R, et al. (2004). Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson's disease: a double blind clinical and pharmacological study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 75(12), 1672–1677. PubMed · PMID 15548480
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  74. Bhatt JK, et al. (2012). Resveratrol supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition Research, 32(7), 537–541. PubMed · PMID 22901562
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    Contents using this resource: Anti-Aging Brain: Anti-aging Nootropic Protocol

  75. Rae C, et al. (2003). Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270(1529), 2147–2150. PubMed · PMID 14561278
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  77. Lampariello LR, et al. (2012). The magic velvet bean of Mucuna pruriens. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2(4), 331–339. PubMed · PMID 24716148
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    Contents using this resource: Motivation with the Dopamine System and Nootropics

  78. Cases J, et al. (2011). Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 4(3), 211–218. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  79. Fisman M, et al. (1981). Double blind trial of 2-dimethylaminoethanol in Alzheimer's disease. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 26(7), 482–484. PubMed · PMID 7020434
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  80. Oliver JM, et al. (2016). Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on a biomarker of head trauma in American football. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(6), 974–982. PubMed · PMID 26765633
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    Contents using this resource: Athlete Brain Performance: Aiming for Physical and Mental Peak Together

  81. Auld F, et al. (2017). Evidence for the efficacy of melatonin in the treatment of primary adult sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 34, 10–22. PubMed · PMID 28648359
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  82. Barth C, et al. (2015). Sex hormones affect neurotransmitters and shape the adult female brain during hormonal transition periods. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 37. PubMed · PMID 25750611
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    Contents using this resource: Nootropics for Women: Hormonal Cycle and Cognitive Performance

  83. Liao B, et al. (2021). Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 18(1), 54. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  84. Glade MJ, Smith K. (2015). Phosphatidylserine and the human brain. Nutrition, 31(6), 781–786. PubMed · PMID 25933483
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  85. Haskell, C.F. et al. (2008). The effects of L-Theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biological Psychology, 77(2), 113–122. PubMed · PMID 18006208
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    Contents using this resource: Caffeine and L-Theanine: The Most Proven Nootropic Duo

  86. Di Stefano G, et al. (2000). Acetyl-L-carnitine in painful peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. CNS Drugs, 14(5), 377–387. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  87. Cansev M, Wurtman RJ. (2007). Chronic administration of docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid, but not arachidonic acid, alone or in combination with uridine, increases brain phosphatide and synaptic protein levels in gerbils. Neuroscience, 148(2), 421–431. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  88. Scholey A, et al. (2010). Effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on neurocognitive function: an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Psychopharmacology, 212(3), 345–356. PubMed · PMID 20676609
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  89. McEwen BS. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation: central role of the brain. Physiological Reviews, 87(3), 873–904. PubMed · PMID 17615391
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  90. Pandit S, et al. (2016). Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers. Andrologia, 48(5), 570–575. PubMed · PMID 26395129
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  91. Yurko-Mauro K, et al. (2010). Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 6(6), 456–464. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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  92. Fioravanti M, Buckley AE. (2006). Citicoline (Cognizin) in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 1(3), 247–251. PubMed · PMID 18046877
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  93. Gouliaev, A.H., Senning, A. (1994). Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics. Brain Research Reviews, 19(2), 180–222. PubMed · PMID 8061686
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  94. Bellar D, et al. (2015). The effect of 6 days of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on isometric strength. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12, 42. PubMed · PMID 26582972
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    Contents using this resource: Alpha-GPC

  95. Nakano M, et al. (2012). Effect of PQQ on mental status of middle-aged and elderly persons. Food Style 21, 16(7). Search PubMed (match unverified)

    Contents using this resource: Mitochondria and Brain Energy: The Origin of Cognitive Fatigue

  96. Voss MW, et al. (2013). Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(10), 525–544. PubMed · PMID 24029446
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    Contents using this resource: Neuroplasticity: How Does the Brain Rewire Itself?

  97. Liu G, et al. (2016). Efficacy and safety of MMFS-01, a synapse density enhancer, for treating cognitive impairment in older adults. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 49(4), 971–990. Search PubMed (match unverified)

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