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Study design

This repeated-measures study followed 233 community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older at three time points over two years. Sleep duration and efficiency were measured with seven-day wrist accelerometry, alongside self-rated sleep quality. Cognitive testing covered memory, executive function, and processing speed.

What it found

Higher sleep efficiency was associated with better executive-function scores. Sleep duration, self-rated quality, and combined sleep-health score were not significantly associated with any measured cognitive domain. The sleep-efficiency association did not differ significantly across assessment points.

Limits and interpretation

This observational cohort cannot show that increasing sleep efficiency would improve executive function. Wearable and questionnaire measures capture only selected sleep features, and the sample was modest. The largely null results across other domains are part of the finding.

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