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Study design

Forty-five adults with Parkinson’s disease took part in PD-CoRE, a seven-session group program teaching individualized compensatory strategies for executive-function challenges. Researchers compared cognitive and self-report measures before and after the program; there was no randomized control group.

What the study found

After the program, scores improved on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (p < .001; d = 0.80) and practical-judgment test (p = .004; d = 0.46). Depressive-symptom scores also improved (p = .015; d = 0.39). Age moderated cognitive gains, with smaller gains among older participants.

Limits and interpretation

The uncontrolled pre–post design cannot rule out practice effects, regression to the mean, or changes unrelated to the program. The sample was modest, and self-efficacy and life-satisfaction changes were not statistically significant. Controlled studies are needed to test effectiveness.

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Sources

Research news is not medical advice or a recommendation to use a substance. Read findings in the context of the study design, participants and limitations. Editorial standards.

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