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Study design

The prospective cohort followed 278 older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment for 24 months. Researchers assessed verbal learning and separated recognition hits from false alarms to calculate d-prime; a subset also had cerebrospinal-fluid or imaging biomarkers.

What the study found

Delayed recall, recognition hits, and d-prime declined over time, with steeper changes among participants who later converted to Alzheimer’s dementia. Lower baseline d-prime and a larger early decline predicted conversion after adjustment for demographic factors, global cognition, and Alzheimer’s biomarkers.

Limits and interpretation

This observational cohort supports a prognostic association, not proof that recognition-memory change causes progression. Biomarkers were available only in a subset, and the study does not establish a stand-alone screening threshold or show that acting on the measure improves outcomes.

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