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Study design

The trial enrolled 35 people with biomarker-supported Alzheimer’s disease at mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia stage; 33 completed. Participants received two weeks of bilateral 5-Hz stimulation over cerebellar Crus II or sham, with cognitive tests through week 12 and fNIRS before and after treatment.

What the study found

Global cognition improved more after real stimulation than sham, with the difference still present at week 12. fNIRS showed changes in frontal activity and cortical connectivity; some imaging changes correlated with test-score changes.

Limits and interpretation

This was a small, short trial at one center, and 2 participants did not complete it. fNIRS measures blood-oxygenation responses rather than neurons directly. The results need replication and do not establish routine clinical benefit or long-term safety.

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